Which of the following is a chemical used for disinfection besides chlorine and chloramine?

Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent commonly used as a disinfectant in water treatment processes. It effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens by disrupting their cellular processes, making it a valuable alternative to traditional chlorine-based disinfectants.

Unlike chlorine and chloramine, which are often used in water systems due to their residual disinfection capabilities, ozone does not leave harmful by-products in the water. Instead, it decomposes back into oxygen after its application, ensuring that the water remains free of residual chemicals.

In contrast, hydrogen peroxide, while it does have some disinfectant properties, is not as commonly used in water treatment as ozone, especially at the levels required for effective disinfection. Calcium carbonate is primarily used to adjust pH and alkalinity in water, while citric acid is mainly a cleaner and chelating agent rather than a disinfectant. Therefore, ozone stands out as a recognized alternative in disinfection practices, which is why it is the correct answer in this scenario.