What is the purpose of using sodium hypochlorite in water systems?

Sodium hypochlorite serves a critical role in water systems primarily as a disinfectant. Its main purpose is to eliminate harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, that can pose health risks to individuals consuming or using the water. When sodium hypochlorite is added to water, it undergoes a chemical reaction that releases chlorine, a powerful disinfectant that can effectively kill or inactivate these microorganisms.

Disinfection is vital for ensuring that water is safe for drinking and recreational purposes, and sodium hypochlorite is widely used in municipal water treatment facilities because it is effective, relatively easy to use, and can achieve a residual effect, meaning that it continues to protect against contamination even after initial treatment. This residual chlorine ensures that any new pathogens introduced after treatment can also be addressed.

While there are other chemicals and methods to control aspects of water quality, such as flavors and pH adjustments, or specifically targeting algae growth, the primary and most significant use of sodium hypochlorite is in the disinfection process.