What can result from overpumping of groundwater?

Overpumping of groundwater can lead to subsidence, which is the gradual sinking of the ground's surface. This occurs as excessive withdrawal of groundwater reduces the water pressure in aquifers, causing the porous materials, such as soil and rock, to compress. When the water that normally fills these voids is removed, it can no longer support the weight above it, resulting in the ground sinking.

Subsidence can have significant impacts on infrastructure, natural landscapes, and water conveyance systems. For example, it can damage roads, buildings, and canals and can also alter drainage patterns, sometimes leading to flooding in areas that previously drained well. Understanding this consequence is crucial for managing groundwater resources effectively and developing sustainable water use practices.