How far must a ladder extend above the edge of an excavation?

A ladder must extend at least 3 feet above the edge of an excavation to provide a secure handhold for workers climbing up or down. This extension is crucial for safety, as it allows individuals to grasp the ladder firmly before stepping onto the edge or descending into the excavation.

The 3-foot requirement helps to reduce the risk of accidents that could occur if a worker attempts to balance themselves on the ladder while reaching for an unsteady surface. This guideline is based on safety regulations that aim to ensure that there is adequate support and stability for individuals working near potentially hazardous areas, such as excavations.

By extending 3 feet above the edge, the ladder also becomes more visible, helping to alert workers and other personnel of the excavation's edges, further contributing to workplace safety.